Prevalence of Angina Pectoris

 One hundred cases of various types of angina pectoris in two hospitals of Narowal during September 2008 to January 2009 had been analyzed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of angina pectoris, and effects of various risk factors. The analysis shows that silent angina pectoris were more prevalent (79%, n=79/100), and painful angina pectoris were less prevalent (21%, n=21/100). About 56% cases reported, belong to the age class 41-60 years with a higher incidence of silent angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is more prevalent in females (65.00%) as compared to males (35.00%). In relation to various risk factors, silent angina pectoris is the most prevalent. The mortality rate in this sample due to angina pectoris is 12.00%.

Citation: Iqbal Muhammad Naeem, Ali Muhammad Asad, Irfan Muhammad. 2013. Prevalence of Angina Pectoris: (Prevalence of Angina Pectoris in relation to certain risk factors in district Narowal). LAP Lambert Academic Publishing (Engelska, Germany). ISBN: 978-3-659-47592-4.

Prevalence of Hernia

 Hernia is a common condition affecting both men and women since time immemorial. One hundred and ten cases of various types of hernia in hospitals of Narowal (Pakistan) had been analyzed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of hernia, and effects of various risk factors. Hernia is more prevalent in males (67.27%) as compared to females (32.72%). In relation to various risk factors, inguinal hernia was the most prevalent. The prevalence of hernia is dependent on risk factors and independent in different age groups (P<0.05). The mortality rate in the current sample due to hernia is 1.81%. All these factors contribute to the development of hernia, but only one of them may be responsible for its cause.

Citation: Iqbal Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Ali, Ali Shahzad. 2013. Prevalence of Hernia: (Prevalence of Hernia in relation to different risk factors in District Narowal). LAP Lambert Academic Publishing (Engelska, Germany). ISBN 978-3-659-45960-3.

Mutational analysis of MDM2 Gene

 HCC represents the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide and accounts for the top three cause of death in the Asia-Pacific region. The risk factor associated with HCC include age, sex, alcohol, diet, and infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). The incidence rate of HCC is plausibly linked to geographic area and geo-economic conditions; it is possible that gene polymorphism may be associated with the risk of HCC. PCR technique is used for the diagnosis of the point mutation in the MDM2 gene. The point mutation at MDM2-SNP309 from T to G was detected which may be responsible for HCC in patients with HCV. This mutation also effects with the increase of age sex, because the frequency of mutation is more common in females as compared to the male. In these studies, five cases show the mutational changes for the allele T/G. The frequency of the mutated alleles is 10% for the mutations. So it is concluded that the mutation is responsible for HCC. So the study shows that the frequency of mutated T/G allele is more liable to cause the disease.

Citation: Iqbal Muhammad Naeem, Ali Hafiz Muzaffar, Bhatti Shahzad. 2014. Mutational analysis of MDM2 Gene: (Mutational analysis of MDM2 Gene in Hepatocellular Carcinoma). LAP Lambert Academic Publishing (Engelska, Germany). ISBN: 978-3-659-58603-3.

Microbiological Quality of Commercial Fruit Juices

 Fruit juices are used for their nutritional value, thirst quenching properties and stimulating effect or for their medicinal values. Due to poor hygienic conditions during processing and packaging, fruit juices are becoming a health hazard. Many outbreaks are caused by consuming poor quality juices. Foodborne infections are caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated with bacteria and parasites. Most of the foodborne infections remain undiagnosed and unreported due to poor documentation system and failure in the implementation of law regarding foodborne diseases in Pakistan. The present study was conducted to compare the quality of commercial fruit juices so as to provide data for local authorities to deal food security issue.

 

Citation: Iqbal Muhammad Naeem, Anjum Aftab Ahmad, Ali Muhammad Asad. 2014. Microbiological Quality of Commercial Fruit Juices: (Microbiological Quality of Commercial Fruit Juices Sold in Lahore City). LAP Lambert Academic Publishing (Engelska, Germany). ISBN: 978-3-659-54841-3.